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You know the word 外来 to mean "imported." So, combine that with the kanji for language and you have an imported word, aka a borrowed word. There are a lot of these in Japanese, which makes this word important. Almost everything in katakana is a 外来語, in fact.
This is a jukugo word, which usually means on'yomi readings from the kanji. If you know the readings of your kanji you'll know how to read this as well.
外来語を教える
to teach loan words
外来語を知る
to know loan words
外来語を学ぶ
to learn loanwords
リュックサックは、外来語ですか？
Is rucksack a foreign word?
実は、「イクラ」は、ロシアからの外来語なんです。
In fact, "ikura" is a loanword from Russia.
今の中国語では、たくさんの日本語が外来語として使われています。
In present day Chinese, many Japanese words are used as loanwords.
日本では外来語を使う事が多いです。たまに日本語と外来語が見分けられないほど、外来語は日本文化の一部になりつつあります。
In Japan, we often use foreign words. Foreign words are becoming so much a part of Japanese culture that sometimes Japanese and foreign words are difficult to tell apart.
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